I always wondered about this when recording guitars.
I would figure, I set up my amp based on what sounds good to me, and my ears are listening to the speaker from at least a few feet away and usually above the speakers. Then, I am placing microphones right against the speaker, which would be equivalent to me sticking my ear right up against the cab. So, I am recording something drastically different from what I hear.
That part is obvious.
I wondered if there was a way to record my amp just like how I hear it in the room; however, I never had the proper space, microphones or ability to give it a proper go. Plus, I always assumed microphones aren't really designed to replicate the human ear, and directional cues would be pretty damn difficult to capture. Evidently these guys got it figured out. I got me some reading to do.